Resonance Structures

The energy of actual structure of the molecule (the resonance hybrid) is lower than that of any of the canonical structures.The resonance energy increases with the number of important contributing structures. The number of unpaired electrons is the same in the resonance structures and so also are the positions of nuclei. Resonance Structures and the Resonance Hybrid. Resonance is possible whenever a Lewis structure has a multiple bond and an adjacent atom with at least one lone pair. The following is the general form for resonance in a structure of this type. The arrows show how you can think of the electrons shifting as one resonance structure changes to another.

Resonance Uses Beyond SoundMany of the finest musical instruments possess a high degree of resonance which, by producing additional vibrations and echoes of the original sound, enriches and amplifies it. Violins made by the Italian masters Stradivari and Guarneri possess a quality of resonance that later violinmakers have never precisely duplicated. And you may have noticed how a particular note will start something in a room buzzing, as one of the touching surfaces begins to resonate with the note. Because of that, resonance and resonate—along with the adjective resonant—aren't always used to describe sound. For example, you may say that a novel resonates strongly with you because the author seems to be describing your own experiences and feelings.

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